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Expression of Kidd, Rh-C, E, and D Antigen among Indigenes of Bonny Kingdom, Nigeria

Ransom Baribefii Jacob, Melody Nkechinyere Akah, Legborsi Robinson-Mbato, Serekara Gideon Christian, Olayanju, Ayodeji Olusola, Evelyn Mgbeoma Eze

Blood group antigens are surface markers on red cell membrane. Routine Laboratory typing for some blood group antigens is not a regular practice for clinical assessment of patients with transfusion related diseases in Nigeria. This cross sectional study was aimed at determining the expression of Jka, Rh-C, E, and D blood group antigens amongst indigenes of Bonny Kingdom, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) apparently healthy subjects consisting of sixty (60) males and sixty (60) females aged between 18-50 years participated in the study. Four millilitres (4 mls) of venous blood was obtained from each participant and dispensed into Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) bottle from which a 5% cell suspension preparation was made and Tile method/microtitre agglutination technique for determination of blood group antigens was adopted. Data obtained were analysed by simple percentage calculations. The Results obtained showed 116(96.6%) [59 (49.1%) males and 57(47.5%) females] for Rh-D positivity, 31(25.8%) [(13(10.83%) males and 18(15%) females] for Rh-C positivity, 35(29.2%) [21 (17.5%) males and 14(11.66%) females] for Rh-E positivity, and 4(3.32%) were positive of Jka antigen 2(1.66%) each for both sexes. The expression of the studied antigens follows a pattern of Rh-D> Rh-E>Rh-C>Jka in the population. This work has revealed the presence of Jka, Rh-C, Rh-E, and Rh-D with percentage expression as 3.32%, 25.8%, 29.2% and 96.8% in the same order with a pattern of RhD>Rh-E>Rh-C>Jka amongst indigenes of Bonny Kingdom Rivers State Nigeria. It is necessary to take into cognizance the fact that the presence of Rh-C, Rh-E may likely be the cause of some red cell alloimmunization which cannot be explained after a compatible routine ABO/Rh-D cross match amongst indigenes of Bonny Kingdom, while the Kidd antigens and its associated antibody rarely may be implicated. Based on the finding in this study, it is recommended that Rh-E and C grouping be carried out on pregnant mothers, blood donors and recipients before transfusion; while Kidd blood grouping may be subjected to expansive population testing to determine its likely potency in triggering and/or specifying red cell alloimmunization.