Takumi Tochio, Ayako Watanabe, Yasuyuki Kitaura, Koji Kawano, Yasuhiro Koga, Senju Hashimoto, Ryoji Miyahara, Naoto Kawabe, Teiji Kuzuya, Kazunori Nakaoka, Takuji Nakano, Yoshiki Hirooka
The resilience of the gut microbiota is a feature of healthy gut microbiota. Since associations between inflammatoryrelated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes or early-life allergic diseases, and the gut microbiota have been increasingly recognized in humans, besides lifestyle interventions, microbial interventions to increase the resilience of the gut microbiota, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbial transplantations, have been utilized clinically. However, inconsistent results and limitations are present in practice partially due to the intricate role of the gut microbiota in the disease. Thus, we explore the idea of "co-resilience," which emphasizes the importance of the resilience of the gut microbiota and that of the hosts to fitness with outlining the current evidence showing that gut microbial interventions influence host fitness for resilience-building management of the gut microbiota. We also propose a co-resilience-building approach that integrates gut microbial interventions with conventional therapy. The combined effects can render host-gut microbiota interactions beneficial, and such a novel co-resilience approach is expected to have a potent impact on host fitness.