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A Brief Review of Forward Osmosis Technology

Ruby John

Forward Osmosis (FO) is a membrane method that treats two fluids at once using the osmotic pressure differential, allowing for energy-efficient water and wastewater treatment. Various uses are available, including industrial water management. The fundamental idea of FO is explained, and the state-of-the-art in FO application in industrial industries is described in this review study. FO has been used in the food and beverage business, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, coal processing, micro algae cultivation, textile industry, pulp and paper industry, electronic industry, and vehicle manufacture, among other industries. Heavy metal removal and cooling water treatment were also found in FO publications.